Now Aristocrats & upper middle class hired scholars to teach their kids
Invention of printing and typing spread learning
Musical stuff ? 1450-1600
Horizons of music increased?.
More performers; more composers; greater circulation of music
Musicians continued to work in churches, courts and towns
Greater demand for music in weddings, civic processions and religious services
Choirs became larger
Greater demand for music in the courts ? Kings, Princes & Dukes
1 court may have up to 60 musicians employed
Court music director ? wrote secular music for nobility ? sacred music for the church
Often travelled from castle to castle, taking their musicians with them
Musical Characteristics ? Renaissance Era 1450-1600
Vocal music still more prominent than instrumental
Close relationship between words and music ? word painting
Music tended to be expressed in a calm, moderate and balanced way ? no extremes
Mostly polyphonic ? 4-6 vocal parts in a typical choral piece
Melodic imitation is common
?Fuller' ? larger range (up to 4 octaves)
Lots of stable, constant chords, not much dissonance
Rhythm/melody ? gentle and flowing
Sacred Music - Renaissance Era 1450-1600
2 main types: Mass; Motet
Motet ? polyphonic choral work set to sacred latin text that is not part of the mass service
Mass ? divided into 5 sections:
Kyrie
Gloria
Credo
Sanctus
Agnus Dei
Josquin Desprez (1440-1521)
Born in Hainaut (today part of Belgium)
Worked a lot in Italy, serving Dukes private chapels & Papal choir in Rome
Later worked for Louis XII of France
Composed Masses, Motets, secular vocal pieces
Example ? ?Ave Maria Virgo Serena' (Hail Mary, Serene Virgin) ? Josquin Desprez
4 voice motet
Overlapping of voices ? continuous flow
Imitation occurs in pairs of voices as well as single parts
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina c... displayed 300 characters
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1525-1594
Worked mostly in Rome, serving the Catholic Church
Wrote 104 Masses, 450 other sacred works
Church music had been accused of becoming too secular ? Palestrina focused more on scared music
Pope Marcellus Mass - Palestrina
Reflects the councils desire for clear projection of sacred Latin text
6 voices ? soprano, alto, 2 tenors, 2 basses
Polyphonic
Lots of imitation
Flowing melodies
Secular Music in the Renaissance
Outside the church, music was an important leisure activity ? most educated people knew music
Madrigal ? music set to a poem
Lots of word painting
More rapid shifts in mood
More unusual harmonies
2 types of madrigal:
Example: ?As Vesta Was Descending' ? Thomas Weelkes
Weelkes was a church organist and composer
This piece, written for 6 voices
Uses lots of word painting
Light mood is typical of the English madrigals displayed 300 characters
