A representative problem in bioinformatics is the assembly of high-quality genome sequences from fragmentary "shotgun" DNA sequencing. Other common problems include the study of gene regulation to perform expression profiling using data from microarrays or mass spectrometry. [edit] Major research areas [edit] Sequence analysis Main articles: Sequence alignment and Sequence database Since the Phage ?-X174 was sequenced in 1977, the DNA sequences of hundreds of organisms have been decoded and stored in databases...
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The information is analyzed to determine genes that encode polypeptides, as well as regulatory sequences. A comparison of genes within a species or between different species can show similarities between protein functions, or relations between species (the use of molecular systematics to construct phylogenetic trees)...
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