Sir Francis Bacon (in Monopoli), who lived from 1561 to 1626, defined innovation thus: “Innovation is something new and contrary to established customs, manners or rites” Not that much has changed in the last three and a half centuries! In 1977, Zaltman and Duncan (1977) defined innovation thus: “An innovation is any idea, practice or material artefact perceived to be new by the relevant unit of adoption” Innovation is defined more recently and more simply as “the successful exploitation of new ideas” (Department of Trade and Industry, UK) and also as “change that creates a new dimension of performance” (Hesselbein, 2002)...
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However innovation originates, Fagerberg (2004) points out that innovation may well be described as the first attempt to carry out an invention (of process or product). Although this paper focuses on the aspects of positive innovation, it is also necessary to point out that innovation is not per se a positive...
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