The carboxylate end of the soap molecule is hydrophilic, meaning that it is attracted to water, while the hydrocarbon end of the molecule is both hydrophobic (repelled by water) and attracted to the oil and grease in dirt. While the hydrophobic end of a soap molecule attaches itself to dirt, the hydrophilic end attaches itself to water...
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The dirt attached to the carboxylate end of the molecule is chemically dragged away from the clothes being cleaned and into the wash water. Properly agitating and rinsing the clothes furthers the cleansing process. The major difficulty with using soap to clean laundry shows up when it is used in hard water—water that is rich in natural minerals such as calcium, magnesium, iron, and manganese...
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Environment Awareness: Is Bottled Water Safe? The amount of energy required to make a year’s supply of bottled water is amazing, and it severely drains our limited fossil fuels. “It would be like filling up a quarter of every bottle with oil,”# which is enough oil to fuel one million vehicles for an entire year! Another negative impact comes from manufacturing...	1 / 229
Bottled Water Research According to Emily Arnold of the Earth Policy Institute, “bottled water is no healthier than tap water, but it can be 10,000 times more expensive.” Bottled water costs as much as $2...	1 / 223
Trouble with Bottled Water Where the Bottles Are Arnold and Larsen also point out two major problems with the location of water bottling plants. First, bottled water must be transported long distances, which involves burning massive quantities of fossil fuels...	3 / 666
Bottled Water And The Environment It is estimated that one out of six bottles is recycled, this means that over eighty percent, or twenty-nine billion water bottles a year, of these bottles end up in landfills, trash, rivers, lakes, and the ocean...	4 / 856