They are not directly blaming blacks because the culture and its view on education are a result from the history of discrimination they have endured from white oppressors. Ogbu and Fordham state that black students have mixed feelings about educational success because whites have traditionally refused to acknowledge their ability of high intellect which then causes them to doubt themselves...
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(Fordham and Ogbu 1986: 177) This belief then began to associate academic success with being a white "thing", which then led to blacks who did succeed be known as "acting white" because higher education was not something associated with their culture. (Fordham and Ogbu 1986: 177) So to stay away from being white, blacks adopted an oppositional collective identity and an oppositional culture that will protect their identity as blacks...
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