The academic score must be lower than expected given the person's intelligence
Associated Features of LD
? low self-esteem
? school drop outs
? ADHD
? conduct disturbance
Epidemiology
? 2-10%
? > males
Etiology
? subtle disturbance in brain structure or function, which is either inherited or acquired in-utero
? neural disturbance results in difficulty integrating information from different brain regions
Onset & Course
? typically diagnosed in 1st-2nd grade
? usually life-long (sometimes abilities "catch up", which is explained by a "maturational lag")
Treatment
Psychotherapy
? for self-esteem, conduct problems
? parental education & support
Educational
? adaptation
? entitled to special services (elementary through university)
SPECIFIC DIAGNOSES
Reading Disorder (formerly "dyslexia")
Description
? significantly low achievement in reading skills
? Their reading is typically characterized by:
? slow & inaccurate reading
? poor comprehension
? problems distinguishing phonemes
? sequencing problems
Biological Indicators
? genetics
? positive paternal history is a strong risk factor for Reading Disorder
? anatomical
? lack of (or reversed) cerebral asymmetry of the planum temporale
? functional
? increased latency of visual ERPs
Mathematics Disorder
? usignificantly impaired mathematical abilities due to a conceptual problem
? rule out other explanations for poor math (e... displayed 300 characters
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The academic score must be lower than expected given the person's intelligence
Associated Features of LD
? low self-esteem
? school drop outs
? ADHD
? conduct disturbance
Epidemiology
? 2-10%
? > males
Etiology
? subtle disturbance in brain structure or function, which is either inherited or acquired in-utero
? neural disturbance results in difficulty integrating information from different brain regions
Onset & Course
? typically diagnosed in 1st-2nd grade
? usually life-long (sometimes abilities "catch up", which is explained by a "maturational lag")
Treatment
Psychotherapy
? for self-esteem, conduct problems
? parental education & support
Educational
? adaptation
? entitled to special services (elementary through university)
SPECIFIC DIAGNOSES
Reading Disorder (formerly "dyslexia")
Description
? significantly low achievement in reading skills
? Their reading is typically characterized by:
? slow & inaccurate reading
? poor comprehension
? problems distinguishing phonemes
? sequencing problems
Biological Indicators
? genetics
? positive paternal history is a strong risk factor for Reading Disorder
? anatomical
? lack of (or reversed) cerebral asymmetry of the planum temporale
? functional
? increased latency of visual ERPs
Mathematics Disorder
? usignificantly impaired mathematical abilities due to a conceptual problem
? rule out other explanations for poor math (e... displayed 300 characters
