fire)
· An organism is something possesses all of the characteristics of life
· All Organisms:
-have and orderly structure
-produce offspring
-grow and develop
-adjust to changes in the environment
Living Things Are Organized:
· All living things show an orderly structure (organization)
· All living things are
-filled with one or more cells
-contain the genetic material DNA (provides info needed to control the organisms life processes)
-are unified by cellular organization
Living Things Make More Living Things:
· Reproduction (the production of offspring) is the most obvious of all characteristics of life
· It is not essential for the survival of an organism to reproduce
· It is essential for the continuation of a species (group of organisms that can interbreed)
Living Things Change During Their Lives:
· Organisms begin as a single cell
· An increase in the amount of living material and the formation of new structures is growth
· Development is the changes your body undergoes in a lifetime
Living Things Adjust To Their Surroundings:
· Environment is your surroundings
· A condition that requires an organism to adjust is a stimulus
· A reaction to a stimulus is a response
· Adaptation is an important characteristic of a living thing
· Homeostasis is the regulation of an organisms internal environment to maintain conditions suitable for its survival
· Homeostasis occurs in all living things
· Organisms would die without the ability to make internal changes
· Energy is the ability to do work
· Energy makes it possible for all life processes to occur
Living Things Adapt And Evolve:
· An adaptation is anything that enables an organism to respond to a stimulus and better survive
· Adaptations are inherited
· Organisms with the most adaptations are the most likely to survive and reproduce
· Evolution is the gradual accumulation of adaptations
Observing And Hypothesizing
The Methods Biologists Use:
· Scientific methods are common steps that biologists use to gather information and answer questions
· Scientists often identify problems (questions to be answered)
The Question Of Brown Tree Snakes:
· Was accidentally introduced to the island of Guam in the 1940's
· Was rumored to be beneficial for the environment because it feeds on rats, mice, and other small rodents
· It was also hypothesized that it was responsible for the decrease in the bird population
· A hypothesis is an explanation for a question or a problem that can be formally tested
· A hypothesis is not a random guess
· Before a hypothesis is made some research is done
Experimenting:
· An experiment is a procedure that tests a hypothesis
What Is A Controlled Experiment?
· Control is the group in which all conditions are kept the same
· The experimental group is the test group, in which all conditions are kept the same except for the single condition being tested
Designing An Experiment:
· Independent variable is the condition that is changed because it is the only variable that affects the outcome of the experiment
· The dependent
variable is the condition that results from the change because any changes in it depends in changes made to the independent variable
· Controlled experiments are most often used in laboratories
· Non-controlled experiments are most often used in field work
Using Tools:
· A wide variety of tools are used to obtain information in an experiment
· Common Tools:
-beakers
-test tubes
-hot plates
-petri dishes
-thermometers
-dissecting instruments
-balances
-metric rulers
-graduated cylinders
· Complex Tools:
-microscopes
-centrifuges
-radiation detectors
-spectrophotometers
-DNA analyzers
-Gas Chromatographs
Maintaining Safety:
· It is your responsibility to maintain the highest safety standards to protect yourself as well as your classmates
Data Gathering:
· Information obtained from experiments is called data
· Data are often in numerical form
· Sometimes data are expressed in verbal form
· Having the data from a scientific experiment does not end the scientific process
· After analyzing data more questions are often formed
Reporting Results:
· Results and conclusions are reported in scientific journals
Verifying Results:
· Scientists try to verify the results by repeating the experiment
· The more times a hypothesis is proven, the more accepted it is
Theories And Laws:
· A theory is an explanation of a natural phenomenon that is supported by a large body of scientific evidence obtained from many different investigations and observations
Kinds Of Research:
· Research can be classified into either quantitative or descriptive
Quantitative Research:
· Numerical data occur in quantitative research
· The data are analyzed by comparing numerical values
· Data obtained may be used to make a graph or table
Measuring In The International System:
· A form of the metric system is used
· It is known as the SI system
· There are only a few basic units which makes it fairly simple
Descriptive Research:
· Observational data are often just as important in the solution of a scientific problem as numerical data
· Some phenomena are not appropriate for quantitative research... displayed 300 characters
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fire)
· An organism is something possesses all of the characteristics of life
· All Organisms:
-have and orderly structure
-produce offspring
-grow and develop
-adjust to changes in the environment
Living Things Are Organized:
· All living things show an orderly structure (organization)
· All living things are
-filled with one or more cells
-contain the genetic material DNA (provides info needed to control the organisms life processes)
-are unified by cellular organization
Living Things Make More Living Things:
· Reproduction (the production of offspring) is the most obvious of all characteristics of life
· It is not essential for the survival of an organism to reproduce
· It is essential for the continuation of a species (group of organisms that can interbreed)
Living Things Change During Their Lives:
· Organisms begin as a single cell
· An increase in the amount of living material and the formation of new structures is growth
· Development is the changes your body undergoes in a lifetime
Living Things Adjust To Their Surroundings:
· Environment is your surroundings
· A condition that requires an organism to adjust is a stimulus
· A reaction to a stimulus is a response
· Adaptation is an important characteristic of a living thing
· Homeostasis is the regulation of an organisms internal environment to maintain conditions suitable for its survival
· Homeostasis occurs in all living things
· Organisms would die without the ability to make internal changes
· Energy is the ability to do work
· Energy makes it possible for all life processes to occur
Living Things Adapt And Evolve:
· An adaptation is anything that enables an organism to respond to a stimulus and better survive
· Adaptations are inherited
· Organisms with the most adaptations are the most likely to survive and reproduce
· Evolution is the gradual accumulation of adaptations
Observing And Hypothesizing
The Methods Biologists Use:
· Scientific methods are common steps that biologists use to gather information and answer questions
· Scientists often identify problems (questions to be answered)
The Question Of Brown Tree Snakes:
· Was accidentally introduced to the island of Guam in the 1940's
· Was rumored to be beneficial for the environment because it feeds on rats, mice, and other small rodents
· It was also hypothesized that it was responsible for the decrease in the bird population
· A hypothesis is an explanation for a question or a problem that can be formally tested
· A hypothesis is not a random guess
· Before a hypothesis is made some research is done
Experimenting:
· An experiment is a procedure that tests a hypothesis
What Is A Controlled Experiment?
· Control is the group in which all conditions are kept the same
· The experimental group is the test group, in which all conditions are kept the same except for the single condition being tested
Designing An Experiment:
· Independent variable is the condition that is changed because it is the only variable that affects the outcome of the experiment
· The dependent
variable is the condition that results from the change because any changes in it depends in changes made to the independent variable
· Controlled experiments are most often used in laboratories
· Non-controlled experiments are most often used in field work
Using Tools:
· A wide variety of tools are used to obtain information in an experiment
· Common Tools:
-beakers
-test tubes
-hot plates
-petri dishes
-thermometers
-dissecting instruments
-balances
-metric rulers
-graduated cylinders
· Complex Tools:
-microscopes
-centrifuges
-radiation detectors
-spectrophotometers
-DNA analyzers
-Gas Chromatographs
Maintaining Safety:
· It is your responsibility to maintain the highest safety standards to protect yourself as well as your classmates
Data Gathering:
· Information obtained from experiments is called data
· Data are often in numerical form
· Sometimes data are expressed in verbal form
· Having the data from a scientific experiment does not end the scientific process
· After analyzing data more questions are often formed
Reporting Results:
· Results and conclusions are reported in scientific journals
Verifying Results:
· Scientists try to verify the results by repeating the experiment
· The more times a hypothesis is proven, the more accepted it is
Theories And Laws:
· A theory is an explanation of a natural phenomenon that is supported by a large body of scientific evidence obtained from many different investigations and observations
Kinds Of Research:
· Research can be classified into either quantitative or descriptive
Quantitative Research:
· Numerical data occur in quantitative research
· The data are analyzed by comparing numerical values
· Data obtained may be used to make a graph or table
Measuring In The International System:
· A form of the metric system is used
· It is known as the SI system
· There are only a few basic units which makes it fairly simple
Descriptive Research:
· Observational data are often just as important in the solution of a scientific problem as numerical data
· Some phenomena are not appropriate for quantitative research... displayed 300 characters
