Family Structure & characteristics
? Kinship ? a social network of people based on common ancestry, marriage or adoption
o In a pre-industrial society ? kinship networks operate to acquire basic necessities for life, to transfer property, to produce and distribute goods and gain power
o In an industrialized society ? families serve fewer and more specialized purpose and are responsible for regulating sexual activities, socializing children and providing affection and companionship for family members
? FAMILY OF ORIENTATION ? the family into which a person is born and in which early socialization usually takes place
? FAMILY OF PROCREATION ? the family that a person forms by having or adopting children
? FAMILIES WE CHOOSE ? social arrangements that include intimate relationships between couples and close familial relationships among other couples and other adults and children
o FICTIVE KIN ? persons who are not actually related by blood but who are accepted as family members (Judy Root Aulette 1994)
? EXTENDED FAMILY ? a family unit composed of relatives in addition to parents and children who live in the same household
o Family members share resources
? Horticulture/agriculture societies: extended families are important to survive
? Found in Latin America, Africa, Asia and parts of Eastern/Southern Europe
? Industrialization societies: maintaining extended family pattern is more difficult
? The nuclear family becomes the predominate family form
? NUCLEAR FAMILY ? a family composed of 1 or 2 parents & their dependent children, all whom live apart form other relatives
o From 1970 to 2000 > a significant decline in the % of US households comprising of a married couples
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Marriage Patterns
? MARRIAGE ? a legally recognized &/or socially approved arrangements between 2 or more individual that carries certain rights and obligations and usually involves sexual activity. There are different forms:
o The only legal sanctioned form in the US is MONOGAMY: a marriage between 2 partners, usually a man and a woman
o POLYGAMY: a concurrent marriage of a person of 1 sex with 2 or more members of the opposite sex
? Most prevalent form is POLYGYNY: the concurrent marriage of 1 man with 2 or more women
? Practiced in many societies of Europe until the Middle Ages, & Islamic societies in Africa & Asia
? Limited by sex ratios
? Only possible for wealthy men because of cost of caring for both wives
? POLYANDRY: the concurrent marriage of 1 woman and 2 or more men
? Very rarely found but only in societies where the men out number the women greatly
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